Ozone Essays (942 words) - Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Gases

Ozone annon Ozone is an important molecule in maintaining the homeostasis in the environment. Ozone, the molecule O3, makes a layer in the stratosphere, situated 10 to 15 kilometers from the earth's surface. The dioxide molecule, O2 and Oxygen atom O, collide with each other result in the formation of Ozone, O3. In this reaction, the molecule O3 contains an excess of energy. Once the molecule is formed, it is not stable enough to last long. The energy-rich O3 molecules discards the excess energy by colliding with another atom or molecule and transferring the energy in the form of heat. In the results of the decomposition of ozone into O2 and O in the ozone layer, solar radiation is absorbed. This process of the chemical bond breaking causing the absorption of a photon by a molecule is called photodissociation. Radiation with sufficient intensity, is capable of separating the O3 molecule, resulting in photodissociation. The cyclic process formation and decomposition of ozone provides a shield against ultraviolet radiation that enter the earth's atmosphere. If it were not for the chemical reaction of radiation and ozone in the stratosphere, these high-energy photons would penetrate the earth's surface. The ozone layer absorbers about 99% of the harmful radiation which makes it possible for animals and plants to live on the planet. In 1974, F. Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina of the University of California proposed that chlorine from chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) could deplete the ozone layer. Beginning in 1957 to 1985, the British Antarctic Survey had measured the average ozone concentration over Halley Bay in Antarctica. Up until 1974, the ozone concentration remained stable. Yet after 1974, the team observed a decline of the ozone layer to levels less than 10%. From this study the awareness over the danger of the hole and ultraviolet radiation and the destruction being done to the earth. Scientists believe the expanding ozone hole, which is centered over Antarctica was caused by Chloroflurocarbons. CFCs are released into the environment through such sources as spray cans , air conditioners, factories, refrigerants and cleaning products. CFCs are dangerous to the atmosphere because after they are released into the environment, the sunlight breaks down the compound. The chlorine molecules react with the ozone molecules by permanently breaking down the molecule, thus diminishing the ozone layer. This rise poses a major threat environment. In 1985, in Vienna and in 1987 in Montreal, a Protocol was signed proposing the gradual termination of use of CFCs over the decades. A dramatic reduction in the use of CFCs was agreed on. Regulations to limit the production of fluorocarbon-11 and fluorocarbon-12 are being implemented in a number of nations. Yet scientist are still concerned for what the future holds. Scientist have estimated that the average rate of ozone depletion is 0.5% per year. For this reason, scientists are pushing for finding some option to fix the disaster. Hydrofluorocarbons and hydrochlorofluorocarbons have been proposed as CFC replacements. The atmospheric combinations expected to produce trifluoroacetate (TFA), which is removed mainly by the rain. Yet there still are problems which scientist are trying to sort out. The global average TFA concentration is very low, yet there is some concerns in situations of high evaporation, and the affects of TFA. TFA in high concentration could inhibit the plant growth, a risk that could turn disastrous. Another harmful ozone destroyer is Mythl bromide which is used by farmers for pests control, which is found in leaded gasoline, and Marine plants discharge it into the air. Mythl bromide reacts the same way as chloroflurocarbons, with the bromide molecule destroying the ozone. Why Mythl bromide is not as much of a problem as CFCs is because bromide does not survive as long in the atmosphere. By 1991, CFC's had been firmly established chlorine as the principle cause of the destruction of the ozone molecule, but scientist are still unsure about the degree of danger that myth bromide and other compounds pose to the ozone layer. To determine the depletion of the ozone layer, the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) has been studying the stratosphere and to measure the concentration of ozone, aerosol particles, nitrogen oxides, hydrogenoxied, and CFCs. Scientist studying the effects of the depletion of ozone agreed that there was a growing erosion in the ozone layer. Scientist have also agreed that the ozone layer has dropped to as much as 10%. There is a scary parallel in the rise in the amount of ultraviolet rays and the hole in the ozone. This threatens all living things. Scientist have predicted a 5 to 20 percent increase in ultraviolet radiation in the next 40

Robin Hood Essays

Robin Hood Essays Robin Hood Essay Robin Hood Essay Showing the change Robin Hood has made since he was a little boy easily allows the reader to better understand how great he really is, and how he Is helping not only himself, but all of the poorer community-Robin Hood was faced with Issues from very early on In his life. HIS mothers death was very difficult for him, but living with his fathers love for another women, after his mother ad died, was just too much for him and he threatened his father that staying with that women would cost him his only sons love. Robin then left for many years, only to come back and discover that his father had been murdered and that the new leader of Nottingham was the Sheriff. Not only was this a great shock to Robin, but all the people of the land were suffering greatly from the Sheriffs corrupt rule. He was very money hungry and greedy, and the lower class community suffered greatly from his readiness. Robin Hood had many different traits that are quite obvious in the story and the movie. For one he is very set on taking from the wealth of Nottingham and giving back to the poorer community so they can live well. His main idea here is to get as much taken from the Sheriff of Nottingham and his sympathizers so they can easily attack and take the kingdom back. In the end his plan works and Robin kills the Sheriff and the Kingdom Is once again his, as well as Maid Maroon. HIS goals are Robin clearly has an expansion Issue tit his men and he needs to start thinking about moving from an Immediate local cause to either a regional or national one. The resources have begun to dry-up locally and his original tactical band of Mermen has turned Into more of a dysfunctional group of followers. If Robin could break his current large group of Mermen Into divisions and branch out to other territories or markets so that he doesnt saturate one particular area too much then he would be able to Increase his Income. Pursuing other rich merchants In new markets would not only keep to Robins Initial cause, but also expand his network of farmers and townspeople to provide for. His constrained resources In the Sherwood Forest would once again flourish with the considerable mass now gone and utilizing other resources In their perspective territories. With the division of the Mermen from one army into smaller Squadrons Robin would be charged with appointing leadership among the new subgroups. The original hierarchy could remain intact with each of the original Lieutenants continuing tenet specials tasks Ana can squadron navels an populate deader who would report directly to their General (Robin). The division of power would allow discipline to be maintained while not overburdening each lieutenant with more responsibility. With increasing territory covered throughout the kingdom, the Sheriff would once again feel pressure from Robin and his new strategic squadrons of Mermen as they turn their local cause into a regional one. There are several metrics that can be used to define the success of the new structure developed within the Mermen. The first and easiest calculation would be the increase/decrease in finances. The abundance of game available for the men would be a metric of provision accessibility. Approval ratings from the townspeople and Mermen can act as a contentment gauge of the people for, and of, the cause. The number of engagements between the Sheriff and the Mermen can disclose the efficiency of the new squadron hierarchy. Each metric would determine the success of the new strategy that was put in place to combat against the original underlying issues of expansion, disorientation, constraining resources, and the Sheriffs offensive effort.

4 Must Dos for Making the Transition from College to Work

4 Must Dos for Making the Transition from College to Work The transition out of college and into working life can be a bumpy one. There’s more competition for fewer jobs than ever. Here are 4 tips for how to maximize your chances of a smooth path  into your career. 1. Find an Internship Early OnA challenging internship in the field you’d like to enter is one of the best ways to set yourself up for career success while you’re still in school. This shows initiative, your ability to win competitive positions, and gives you a bunch of professional experience in your field before you’ve even graduated. Make sure to pick one that is as challenging, prestigious, and productive as possible- not to mention one that is a good fit for you. Do a bit of research first, then make the absolute most of it. Do your best to dazzle your superiors and keep in touch. They could be great resources for recommendations in your first job applications.2. Pretend you’re already in your careerWhile you’re working your part-t ime jobs and internships in college, don’t just treat them like side work while you finish your degree. Treat them like your first- or fifth!- adult job in your field. Treat your undergraduate present like your career future and you’ll be setting yourself up very well to step into that future when the time comes.3. Reach out and create a networkIt is crucial to be proactive and show the kind of initiative recruiters look for in an applicant. Go above and beyond every chance you get. Seek out mentors at your internships and jobs and express your interest to maximize your potential- and your resume. Set goals for yourself and keep yourself honest so you make sure to meet them- and keep meeting them.4. Get promotedThere are always opportunities for advancement and promotion. Seek these out early and often. Set up job alerts. Try working for larger companies that have multiple avenues to jobs higher up the ladder. Don’t get complacent in any one position. If you let everyone know you’re hungry, eager to keep learning and advancing, and you can prove your mettle, eventually your bosses and coworkers will know to think of you first when opportunities arise.

How to make a new friends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

How to make a new friends - Essay Example Getting more out of the current relationship and meeting entirely new people can go a long way because many people find it uneasy to access potential new friends. According to â€Å"Better Health Channel† meeting new friends requires an individual to have lots of potential friends around them and make effort to know and understand them on a daily basis (Web). Pulling out of day-to-day routine is essential in meeting new friends especially by participating in hobbies or communities where one can naturally meet new people. Getting involved in people-oriented activities may help in knowing new people sharing many things in common as yours. Meeting someone new for the first time initially requires that you talk to them about common things such as weather, hobby, politics or a sporting event (Rubin Web). Initiating small talk naturally may help in giving a good impression to the person who will in turn be free to share with you because you are approachable. There must be a consistent style of contacting the person even after the first impression because meeting afterwards strengthens the relationship and enables the two becoming more close to each other. Another best way of maintaining a closer relationship is constant communication through cell phone and social networking although face to face is the sure way to improve relationship into a new friend. According to Rubin, inviting potential friends to do something together or hanging out and doing something outside of the situation you met may is an important experience in strengthening the relationship (Web). Although most people may find it a little hesitant to invite people out because it is a little scary at first and because of risk of rejection, it is not as bad as asking someone out on a date; it is much simpler. It also depends mostly on how you met since some people may be invited out fairly while others may be waited for a while, for example a month before

Any student caught cheating on an examination should be automatically Essay - 1

Any student caught cheating on an examination should be automatically dismissed from college - Essay Example Students should be made to understand why cheating is wrong instead of just telling them it is wrong. This is done to prepare students for life challenges and make them understand the steps needed to succeed in life the honest way. This involves dealing with cheating cases in an intelligent way which supports and promotes honesty in the student. Letting students get away with cheating or imposing severe and destructive punishments does not favor them. Instead, Gardner et al., (2008) proposes that different punishments such as failing the students and calling their parents to talk to them may offer the best solution. The punishment issued should not affect the student’s future and thus requires the lecturers to be vigilant so that fairness can be achieved. Lecturers need to take a holistic view of exam cheating specifically in the current times where the students are brought up in a decadent society. Colleges need to devise better ways of solving students’ problems that prompt them to result in cheating during examinations. Automatic dismissal is too harsh and painful both for the students who are caught cheating and for the overall community. Cases of examination cheating have tremendously increased in colleges today which renders automatic dismissal inadequate solution. Students who cheat are prompted by the desire for higher grades and the fear of failure. Students cheat for various reasons some of which are psychological. As such, the foundation of the solution lies in understanding the core reason of cheating. Cheating has many forms ranging from copying from a friend’s works, using phones, the internet, plagiarism, sneaking books and other written materials and passing off as another person into the exam room. The severity of the punishment deserving of students cheating in an examination should be moderated depending on the gravity of their actions as opposed to dismissing all examination cheaters alike. College life requires hard work and

Dramatic Tension in The Crucible by Miller Essay -- Miller Crucible

Dramatic Tension in "The Crucible" by Miller The Crucible Coursework Excitement, nervousness, stress, anxiety, suspense, unease, and apprehension are all forms of dramatic tension that Miller creates throughout the Crucible. Dramatic tension is created by Miller throughout the Crucible in many ways. Straightaway, the title of the play, â€Å"the Crucible† implies to the audience of the tension that is to come in the play. Miller names the play â€Å"the Crucible† to represent the puritanical society of Salem, the historic people of Salem wanted to purify each other from the Devil’s work, they even went to the extent of killing their fellow neighbours in order to purify them. The variety of characters involved in the witch trials all combine to create suspense. Miller creates vivid personalities for the main characters in the play, the characters are contrasting and their relationships between each other create tension. Speech directions influence how the characters speak and act. The stage settings crafted by Miller create tension, especially in Act 3, in the court room scene where there is dramatic tension created by the characters arguing vigorously with each other. Miller uses the setting of â€Å"The Crucible† to create dramatic tension. The play took place in a newly made colony called Salem at the time of 1692. Miller describes the in such a way that it creates an atmosphere of tension throughout the play. Salem was surrounded by wilderness; some of Salem’s people were killed from tribes that were from these forests. The religious leaders were fiercely puritanical and protective of their religion, a form of protestant Christianity. The religious leaders were so zealous and paranoid about their religious be... ...to end the play, responding to Hale’s plea that she convince Proctor to publicly confess: â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him!† Miller uses speech directions and descriptions of action in the play to create an atmosphere of tension throughout â€Å"The Crucible†. In the last page of the play Miller uses speech directions to show how desperate Hail is to stop Proctor from hanging himself, Miller shows him â€Å"dropping to his knees† to show his desperation. Hail does all he can to stop Proctor from hanging and surprisingly so too does Parris, this creates tension because even Parris, who hated Proctor, wants the ridiculous hangings to stop because they have gone out of control. Miller describes the beating of the drum rolls to create an atmosphere of suspense, the drum rolls are a gradual sign of the music of Proctor’s heroic yet tragic death.

Rewrite-the Cask of Amontillado Essay

It was in the middle of carnival season when Montresor approached me. In retrospect, I should have noticed the deviant twinkle in his eye. Alas, it was a time of celebration, and I had had much to drink, which seemed to deter me from Montresor’s true intentions that evening. At the time, I was enjoying myself at the carnival festivities, wearing the attire of a jester, complete with cap and bells. Montresor approached me and I was delighted to see him. We chatted, and he informed me that he had purchased a pipe of Amontillado. He told me that he was not certain as to whether or not it was true Amontillado and asked me to look at it for him. Being a connoisseur of fine wines, I was intrigued. Montresor then noted that, since I was occupied, he was going to call upon Luchresi to assist him with his dilemma. I was quite taken aback by this, as Luchresi cannot compare to my taste. Montresor was about to depart, but I was adamant and won my way to Montresor’s vaults. I subsequently grabbed Montresor’s arm, and we made our way to his dwelling. Once again, I should have perceived right away that something was about, considering the entire home was empty. However, I brushed it off, assuming that all of the help was out being merry. Montresor obtained two candles off the wall, handing one to me, and we made our way down into the catacombs. By this point, the intoxication I was experiencing seemed to worsen. Holding onto Montresor for support, I inquired as to how far we would be going. He informed me that20it was much farther down, and, as I looked at the nitre upon the walls of the murky and sodden catacomb, a coughing fit took hold of me. It was then that Montresor attempted to have us turn back. However, his diligent attempts at making me turn around just made me want to go forward even more. I was not about to willingly allow Luchresi to take my spot as the finest wine connoisseur in the area. Handing me a leak of Medoc, we continued down the dingy catacombs. He would continue to feed me wines for the duration of the walk, all the while my intoxication worsening. For much of our journey, the only sound to be heard was that of the bells upon my hat jingling, along with our footsteps. Looking back on the evening, I ought to have realized something was stirring in Montresor’s head. The morose look on his face worsened with each step we took. At last, we made it to the Amontillado.